A Council Of War, Held At Fort Cumberland,
July 10th 1756
Colonel George Washington—President. First: Whether it was advisable to begin the said chain of forts at Henry Enochs’s on great Capecapon: The Council was unanimous in opinion that it was not—Because,
as the Province of Maryland had abandoned their Settlements on Potowmack
to a great distance, it left a fertile and populous district, from that
down to Maidstone, at Watkins’s Ferry, exposed to incursions of the Enemy;
and to which there lead several warrior paths to Raystown and Susquehannak,
much frequented by the Indians.
Secondly: Which was the most convenient and central place
to build on, for the protection of that District? The Council was of opinion that at, or near to Bendieks plantation above the mouth of Sleepy Creek was the most convenient and
centrical place to build a fort on for the defense of the inhabitants on
Sleepy-Creek and Back-Creek the lower parts of Opecon and Shanandoah river.
Thirdly: Where ought the second Fort to be built? The Council having considered the situation of the country
and the Body of Inhabitants to be defended, are of opinion, that at or
near to Henry Enochs’s plantation on great Capecahon, is the most advisable
place to build the second fort on. It defends the inhabitants on the waters
of Capecapon—is contiguous to the Settlements on the heads of the Waters
of Sleepy and Back-creeks. and maintains the communication with the Forts
on Patterson’s Creek, &c.
Fourthly: Are the Forts on Patterson’s Creek to be esteemed
in the Line intended by the Assembly?— The Forts on Patterson’s Creek already
built, and protected with several necessary houses—and the Country having
more hard service in view, than the small number of their forces can perform
— and considering likewise that to abandon those Forts, and give up so
much to the Enemy would increase their insolence,—and give them a disadvantageous
opinion of our strength,— The Council are of opinion that these forts are
to be maintained, and reckoned in the chain intended by the Assembly.
Fifthly: Is it then necessary to have a fort between that at Enochs and Ashby’s’? To open a communication between the forts at Enochs’
and Ashby’s, it is necessary to clear a road leading to the South Branch
above Sutton's plantation, passing near to Ross’s mill; from the best and
nearest way to the fort commanded be Captain John Ashby: and as the distance
will not be above twenty-two miles, it is not necessary to build between.—But
the Council are of opinion a Block-house may be found necessary to secure
the passage of the River.
Sixthly: Are the Forts built by Captain Waggener upon
the South Branch to be deemed in the chain intended by the Assembly’? The
Forts built by Captain Waggener have had the desired effect . The inhabitants
of that fertile district, keep possession of their Farms; and seem resolved
to pursue their Business under cover of them.—They are therefore to be
looked upon in the chain intended by the Assembly.—The Council are of opinion
that it will be found necessary to maintain a Blockhouse at Pearsall's
to secure that difficult pass, and keep the communication open.
Seventhly: Which is the next important & convenient
place for building on, above the upper fort, built by Captain Waggener?
Upon the main branch about twenty miles higher up, where there is a considerable
body of inhabitants. The men in that Garrison may secure that Settlement,
and protect those on the heads of the waters of the South Branch, and those
upon Sbanandoah River.
Eighthly: The President asking whether the Council in
general were acquainted with the particular situation of the frontier to
the southward of the waters of the South branch? The Council declared they
were not. —And thought it advisable that the completing the chain should
be referred to Captain Hogg with directions to build at or about twenty or
thirty miles distance, as the situation of the Country requires,— or Ground
will permit — And to have particular regard to the body of inhabitants
to be defended and the passes most frequented by the Enemy — and that Captain
Hogg begin to build observing the above considerations,—to the southward
of Fort Dinwiddie, extending the line towards Mayo river, as directed by
the Assembly.
Lastly: The Question being put—How many men were absolutely
necessary for the defense of Fort Cumberland against an attack with small
arms? Notwithstanding, the whole number of men raised could
be employed to advantage at Fort Cumberland—yet to carry on the intended
work, it was necessary to draw off as many as could be possibly spared—
The Council are of opinion that one hundred and seventy privates is the
smallest number that can be left for the defense of the Garrison against
small arms: and that nothing more could be expected from that number than
to act on the defensive,—and do the Duty of the Garrison—with liquor and
to suttle.
The President then asked whether Mr Alexander Woodrow
was qualified for that office; and how he had behaved since his appointment
to suttle? To which the council answered unanimously, that they thought
him a very proper person and well qualified; as he has hitherto behaved
with the greatest exactness and conformity to the rules and orders of the
Garrison—and with much modesty and gentility. |